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Factoring Technique for Limits

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About This MicroSim

This visualization demonstrates the factoring technique for evaluating limits that produce the indeterminate form 0/0. The example shows:

\[\lim_{x \to 3} \frac{x^2 - 9}{x - 3}\]

The Factoring Process

  1. Original: \(\frac{x^2 - 9}{x - 3}\) gives 0/0 at x = 3
  2. Factor: \(\frac{(x+3)(x-3)}{(x-3)}\)
  3. Cancel: \(x + 3\) (for \(x \neq 3\))
  4. Substitute: \(\lim_{x \to 3} (x + 3) = 6\)

Visual Insight

  • The blue curve with hole shows the original function f(x)
  • The green line shows the simplified function g(x) = x + 3
  • They're identical except at x = 3!

How to Use

  1. View Toggle: Switch between original, simplified, or both functions
  2. X Slider: Move a point along the curve toward x = 3
  3. Algebra Panel: See the factoring steps

Lesson Plan

Learning Objectives

After using this MicroSim, students will be able to:

  1. Explain how factoring eliminates the 0/0 indeterminate form
  2. Understand that factoring doesn't change the limit value
  3. Apply the factoring technique to difference-of-squares problems

Key Concept

When both numerator and denominator equal zero at x = c, then (x - c) is a factor of both. Canceling this common factor removes the discontinuity and reveals the limit.

Suggested Activities

  1. Compare Views: Toggle between "Original" and "Simplified" to see how factoring affects the graph
  2. Approach from Both Sides: Move the slider from left and right of x = 3
  3. Predict the Limit: Before seeing the algebra, predict what the limit should be based on the graph

Assessment Questions

  1. Why can we cancel (x - 3) from numerator and denominator?
  2. Find \(\lim_{x \to 2} \frac{x^2 - 4}{x - 2}\) using factoring
  3. What type of discontinuity does the original function have at x = 3?

Embedding

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