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Limit Visualization with Hole

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About This MicroSim

This visualization demonstrates the core concept of limits: what value a function approaches as x gets closer to a target, even when the function is undefined at that exact point.

The function shown is:

\[f(x) = \frac{x^2 - 4}{x - 2}\]

This simplifies to \(f(x) = x + 2\) for all \(x \neq 2\), but has a hole at \(x = 2\) where the original expression is undefined (0/0).

Key Observations

  • As x approaches 2 from either side, f(x) approaches 4
  • The function value at x = 2 doesn't exist (there's a hole)
  • The limit still equals 4 because we care about what the function approaches, not what it equals

How to Use

  1. Distance Slider: Adjust how close x is to 2
  2. Approach Direction: Choose to approach from left, right, or both simultaneously
  3. Animate: Watch the approach happen automatically
  4. Reset: Return to starting position

Lesson Plan

Learning Objectives

After using this MicroSim, students will be able to:

  1. Explain that a limit describes approach behavior, not the actual function value
  2. Interpret limit notation \(\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = L\)
  3. Identify when a function has a removable discontinuity (hole)

Suggested Activities

  1. Predict and Observe: Before animating, have students predict what y-value the function approaches
  2. Compare Approaches: Switch between left, right, and both approaches to verify they give the same limit
  3. Discussion: Why does the limit exist even though f(2) is undefined?

Assessment Questions

  1. What is \(\lim_{x \to 2} \frac{x^2 - 4}{x - 2}\)?
  2. Is f(2) defined? Why or why not?
  3. How is the limit different from the function value?

Embedding

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<iframe src="https://dmccreary.github.io/calculus/sims/limit-with-hole/main.html"
        height="482px" width="100%" scrolling="no"></iframe>