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Squeeze Theorem Visualization

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About This MicroSim

The Squeeze Theorem (also called the Sandwich or Pinching Theorem) is a powerful tool for finding limits of functions that are difficult to evaluate directly but are bounded by simpler functions.

The Theorem

If \(g(x) \leq f(x) \leq h(x)\) for all x near c (except possibly at c), and:

\[\lim_{x \to c} g(x) = \lim_{x \to c} h(x) = L\]

Then:

\[\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = L\]

Examples Included

  1. x²sin(1/x): Squeezed between -x² and x² → limit is 0
  2. xcos(1/x): Squeezed between -|x| and |x| → limit is 0
  3. sin(x)/x: Squeezed between cos(x) and 1 → limit is 1

How to Use

  1. Example Selector: Choose different squeeze scenarios
  2. Distance Slider: Control how close to the target x-value
  3. Squeeze Button: Watch the squeeze zone narrow automatically
  4. Info Panel: See the bounds and limit value

Visual Elements

  • Red curve: Upper bound h(x)
  • Green curve: Middle function f(x) being squeezed
  • Blue curve: Lower bound g(x)
  • Shaded region: The "squeeze zone" where f(x) is trapped

Lesson Plan

Learning Objectives

After using this MicroSim, students will be able to:

  1. State the Squeeze Theorem and its conditions
  2. Identify appropriate bounding functions for oscillating limits
  3. Apply the Squeeze Theorem to evaluate limits like \(\lim_{x \to 0} x^2 \sin(1/x)\)

Key Insight

The Squeeze Theorem works because if a function is trapped between two bounds, and both bounds converge to the same value, there's nowhere else for the middle function to go!

Suggested Activities

  1. Watch the Squeeze: Click "Squeeze" and observe how the shaded region narrows
  2. Compare Examples: Note which functions use the squeeze for bounded oscillation vs. other purposes
  3. Construct Bounds: For the function \(x \cdot \sin(x)\), what bounds would you use?

Assessment Questions

  1. Why does \(\lim_{x \to 0} x^2 \sin(1/x) = 0\) even though \(\sin(1/x)\) oscillates infinitely?
  2. What must be true about \(\lim g(x)\) and \(\lim h(x)\) for the Squeeze Theorem to apply?
  3. Could the Squeeze Theorem help find \(\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin x}{x}\)?

Embedding

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<iframe src="https://dmccreary.github.io/calculus/sims/squeeze-theorem/main.html"
        height="482px" width="100%" scrolling="no"></iframe>