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Chapters

This textbook is organized into 18 chapters covering 500 concepts aligned to the AP Chemistry Course and Exam Description.

Chapter Overview

  1. Foundations of Chemistry - Core scientific skills, measurement, and data analysis.
  2. Atomic Structure and Mass Spectrometry - Subatomic particles, isotopes, moles, and mass spectrometry.
  3. Electron Configuration and Periodic Trends - Quantum model, electron configurations, and periodic trends.
  4. Chemical Bonding and Lewis Structures - Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds with Lewis structures.
  5. Molecular Geometry and Polarity - VSEPR theory, hybridization, and molecular polarity.
  6. Intermolecular Forces and States of Matter - IMF types, states of matter, and the ideal gas law.
  7. Phase Changes, Solutions, and Gas Laws - Phase diagrams, solutions, concentration, and colligative properties.
  8. Chemical Reactions and Equations - Reaction types, balancing equations, and redox chemistry.
  9. Stoichiometry, Titrations, and Analysis - Titrations, gravimetric analysis, and quantitative techniques.
  10. Reaction Rates and Rate Laws - Rate laws, integrated rate laws, and collision theory.
  11. Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis - Elementary steps, rate-determining step, and catalysis.
  12. Energy, Enthalpy, and Calorimetry - Heat, calorimetry, enthalpy, and Hess's law.
  13. Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy - Entropy, Gibbs free energy, and spontaneity.
  14. Chemical Equilibrium - Equilibrium constants, ICE tables, and Le Chatelier's principle.
  15. Solubility Equilibria - Ksp, common ion effect, and precipitation.
  16. Acid-Base Theory and pH - Acid-base theories, pH, Ka/Kb, and salt hydrolysis.
  17. Buffers and Acid-Base Titrations - Buffers, Henderson-Hasselbalch, and titration curves.
  18. Electrochemistry - Galvanic/electrolytic cells, Nernst equation, and Faraday's laws.

How to Use This Textbook

Chapters are sequenced to respect concept dependencies — each chapter builds on knowledge from earlier chapters. While the recommended approach is to work through chapters in order, students with strong backgrounds in specific areas may skip ahead after reviewing the concept lists. Each chapter lists its prerequisite chapters so you can verify your readiness.

Note: Each chapter includes a list of concepts covered. Make sure to complete prerequisites before moving to advanced chapters.