{ "metadata": { "title": "Ecology: Systems Thinking for a Changing Planet", "description": "An interactive intelligent textbook covering ecosystems, biodiversity, populations, Earth systems, resource use, pollution, global change, systems thinking, and scientific literacy for high school students.", "creator": "Dan McCreary", "date": "2026-03-29", "version": "1.0", "format": "Learning Graph JSON v1.0", "schema": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dmccreary/learning-graphs/refs/heads/main/src/schema/learning-graph-schema.json", "license": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED" }, "groups": { "FOUND": { "classifierName": "Foundation Concepts", "color": "LightCoral", "font": { "color": "white" } }, "ECOS": { "classifierName": "Ecosystems and Biomes", "color": "PaleGreen", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "ENFL": { "classifierName": "Energy Flow", "color": "LightYellow", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "CYCL": { "classifierName": "Biogeochemical Cycles", "color": "PowderBlue", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "INTR": { "classifierName": "Species Interactions", "color": "PeachPuff", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "BIOD": { "classifierName": "Biodiversity and Services", "color": "Plum", "font": { "color": "white" } }, "POPU": { "classifierName": "Population Ecology", "color": "LightPink", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "ERTH": { "classifierName": "Earth Systems", "color": "Thistle", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "LAND": { "classifierName": "Land, Water, and Energy Use", "color": "PaleTurquoise", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "POLL": { "classifierName": "Pollution", "color": "MistyRose", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "GLOB": { "classifierName": "Global Change", "color": "LightSteelBlue", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "SYST": { "classifierName": "Systems Thinking", "color": "Honeydew", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "CRIT": { "classifierName": "Critical Thinking and Literacy", "color": "Lavender", "font": { "color": "black" } } }, "nodes": [ { "id": 1, "label": "Ecology", "group": "FOUND", "shape": "box" }, { "id": 2, "label": "Ecosystem", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 3, "label": "Biotic Factors", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 4, "label": "Abiotic Factors", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 5, "label": "Biodiversity", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 6, "label": "Species", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 7, "label": "Population", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 8, "label": "Community", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 9, "label": "Habitat", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 10, "label": "Niche", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 11, "label": "Biosphere", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 12, "label": "Biome", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 13, "label": "Energy", "group": "FOUND", "shape": "box" }, { "id": 14, "label": "Matter", "group": "FOUND", "shape": "box" }, { "id": 15, "label": "Nutrients", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 16, "label": "Photosynthesis", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 17, "label": "Cellular Respiration", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 18, "label": "Organic Molecules", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 19, "label": "Inorganic Molecules", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 20, "label": "Water Properties", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 21, "label": "Terrestrial Biomes", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 22, "label": "Tropical Rainforest", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 23, "label": "Temperate Forest", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 24, "label": "Desert Biome", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 25, "label": "Tundra Biome", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 26, "label": "Grassland Biome", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 27, "label": "Chaparral Biome", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 28, "label": "Taiga Biome", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 29, "label": "Aquatic Biomes", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 30, "label": "Freshwater Ecosystems", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 31, "label": "Rivers and Streams", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 32, "label": "Lakes and Ponds", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 33, "label": "Wetlands", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 34, "label": "Estuaries", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 35, "label": "Open Ocean", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 36, "label": "Coral Reefs", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 37, "label": "Deep Ocean", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 38, "label": "Marine Ecosystems", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 39, "label": "Producers", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 40, "label": "Consumers", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 41, "label": "Decomposers", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 42, "label": "Trophic Levels", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 43, "label": "Food Chains", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 44, "label": "Food Webs", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 45, "label": "Energy Pyramids", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 46, "label": "Primary Productivity", "group": "ENFL" }, { "id": 47, "label": "Gross Primary Productivity", "group": "ENFL" }, { "id": 48, "label": "Net Primary Productivity", "group": "ENFL" }, { "id": 49, "label": "Ten Percent Rule", "group": "ENFL" }, { "id": 50, "label": "Energy Transfer", "group": "ENFL" }, { "id": 51, "label": "Biomass", "group": "ENFL" }, { "id": 52, "label": "Autotrophs", "group": "ENFL" }, { "id": 53, "label": "Heterotrophs", "group": "ENFL" }, { "id": 54, "label": "Chemosynthesis", "group": "ENFL" }, { "id": 55, "label": "Thermodynamics in Ecology", "group": "ENFL" }, { "id": 56, "label": "Entropy in Ecosystems", "group": "ENFL" }, { "id": 57, "label": "Solar Energy Input", "group": "ENFL" }, { "id": 58, "label": "Energy Loss as Heat", "group": "ENFL" }, { "id": 59, "label": "Trophic Efficiency", "group": "ENFL" }, { "id": 60, "label": "Net Ecosystem Production", "group": "ENFL" }, { "id": 61, "label": "Biogeochemical Cycles", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 62, "label": "Carbon Cycle", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 63, "label": "Nitrogen Cycle", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 64, "label": "Phosphorus Cycle", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 65, "label": "Hydrologic Cycle", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 66, "label": "Nitrogen Fixation", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 67, "label": "Nitrification", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 68, "label": "Denitrification", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 69, "label": "Carbon Sequestration", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 70, "label": "Carbon Dioxide", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 71, "label": "Methane", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 72, "label": "Evaporation", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 73, "label": "Transpiration", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 74, "label": "Precipitation", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 75, "label": "Runoff", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 76, "label": "Groundwater", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 77, "label": "Aquifer", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 78, "label": "Nutrient Cycling", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 79, "label": "Decomposition", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 80, "label": "Phosphorus Runoff", "group": "CYCL" }, { "id": 81, "label": "Predation", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 82, "label": "Competition", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 83, "label": "Mutualism", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 84, "label": "Commensalism", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 85, "label": "Parasitism", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 86, "label": "Symbiosis", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 87, "label": "Herbivory", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 88, "label": "Keystone Species", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 89, "label": "Indicator Species", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 90, "label": "Foundation Species", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 91, "label": "Invasive Species", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 92, "label": "Native Species", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 93, "label": "Coevolution", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 94, "label": "Mimicry", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 95, "label": "Camouflage", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 96, "label": "Competitive Exclusion", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 97, "label": "Resource Partitioning", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 98, "label": "Predator-Prey Dynamics", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 99, "label": "Ecological Niche", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 100, "label": "Interspecific Competition", "group": "INTR" }, { "id": 101, "label": "Genetic Diversity", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 102, "label": "Species Diversity", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 103, "label": "Ecosystem Diversity", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 104, "label": "Ecosystem Services", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 105, "label": "Provisioning Services", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 106, "label": "Regulating Services", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 107, "label": "Cultural Services", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 108, "label": "Supporting Services", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 109, "label": "Island Biogeography", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 110, "label": "Species-Area Relationship", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 111, "label": "Ecological Tolerance", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 112, "label": "Tolerance Range", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 113, "label": "Adaptations", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 114, "label": "Natural Selection", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 115, "label": "Natural Disruptions", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 116, "label": "Ecological Succession", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 117, "label": "Primary Succession", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 118, "label": "Secondary Succession", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 119, "label": "Pioneer Species", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 120, "label": "Climax Community", "group": "BIOD" }, { "id": 121, "label": "Population Size", "group": "POPU" }, { "id": 122, "label": "Population Density", "group": "POPU" }, { "id": 123, "label": "Population Distribution", "group": "POPU" }, { "id": 124, "label": "Generalist Species", "group": "POPU" }, { "id": 125, "label": "Specialist Species", "group": "POPU" }, { "id": 126, "label": "R-Selected Species", "group": "POPU" }, { "id": 127, "label": "K-Selected Species", "group": "POPU" }, { "id": 128, "label": "Survivorship Curves", "group": "POPU" }, { "id": 129, "label": "Type I Survivorship", "group": "POPU" }, { "id": 130, "label": "Type II Survivorship", "group": "POPU" }, { "id": 131, "label": "Type III Survivorship", "group": "POPU" }, { "id": 132, "label": "Carrying Capacity", "group": "POPU" }, { "id": 133, "label": "Exponential Growth", "group": "POPU" }, { "id": 134, "label": "Logistic Growth", "group": "POPU" }, { "id": 135, "label": 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"Plate Tectonics", "group": "ERTH", "shape": "box" }, { "id": 152, "label": "Convergent Boundaries", "group": "ERTH" }, { "id": 153, "label": "Divergent Boundaries", "group": "ERTH" }, { "id": 154, "label": "Transform Boundaries", "group": "ERTH" }, { "id": 155, "label": "Soil Formation", "group": "ERTH" }, { "id": 156, "label": "Soil Erosion", "group": "ERTH" }, { "id": 157, "label": "Soil Horizons", "group": "ERTH" }, { "id": 158, "label": "Soil Texture Triangle", "group": "ERTH" }, { "id": 159, "label": "Soil Composition", "group": "ERTH" }, { "id": 160, "label": "Earth's Atmosphere", "group": "ERTH" }, { "id": 161, "label": "Atmospheric Layers", "group": "ERTH" }, { "id": 162, "label": "Troposphere", "group": "ERTH" }, { "id": 163, "label": "Stratosphere", "group": "ERTH" }, { "id": 164, "label": "Global Wind Patterns", "group": "ERTH" }, { "id": 165, "label": "Coriolis Effect", "group": "ERTH" }, { "id": 166, "label": "Convection Cells", "group": "ERTH" }, { "id": 167, "label": 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201, "label": "Sustainability", "group": "LAND" }, { "id": 202, "label": "Sustainable Agriculture", "group": "LAND" }, { "id": 203, "label": "Crop Rotation", "group": "LAND" }, { "id": 204, "label": "No-Till Farming", "group": "LAND" }, { "id": 205, "label": "Aquaculture", "group": "LAND" }, { "id": 206, "label": "Sustainable Forestry", "group": "LAND" }, { "id": 207, "label": "Urban Runoff Reduction", "group": "LAND" }, { "id": 208, "label": "Conservation", "group": "LAND" }, { "id": 209, "label": "Preservation", "group": "LAND" }, { "id": 210, "label": "Maximum Sustainable Yield", "group": "LAND" }, { "id": 211, "label": "Renewable Resources", "group": "LAND" }, { "id": 212, "label": "Nonrenewable Resources", "group": "LAND" }, { "id": 213, "label": "Global Energy Consumption", "group": "LAND" }, { "id": 214, "label": "Fossil Fuels", "group": "LAND" }, { "id": 215, "label": "Coal", "group": "LAND" }, { "id": 216, "label": "Oil", "group": "LAND" }, { "id": 217, "label": "Natural Gas", 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"group": "POLL" }, { "id": 250, "label": "Radon", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 251, "label": "Asbestos", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 252, "label": "Acid Rain", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 253, "label": "Noise Pollution", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 254, "label": "Clean Air Act", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 255, "label": "Catalytic Converters", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 256, "label": "Point Source Pollution", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 257, "label": "Nonpoint Source Pollution", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 258, "label": "Endocrine Disruptors", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 259, "label": "Wetland Destruction", "group": "ECOS" }, { "id": 260, "label": "Eutrophication", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 261, "label": "Algal Blooms", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 262, "label": "Dead Zones", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 263, "label": "Dissolved Oxygen", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 264, "label": "Biological Oxygen Demand", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 265, "label": "Thermal Pollution", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 266, 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