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References: Inflation and the Business Cycle

  1. Inflation - Wikipedia - Explains how the general price level rises over time, covering causes (demand-pull, cost-push, monetary), measurement methods, and economic effects.

  2. Consumer Price Index - Wikipedia - Describes how the CPI is constructed by tracking a basket of goods and services, and how it serves as the primary measure of inflation.

  3. Recession - Wikipedia - Covers what defines a recession, historical examples, leading indicators that predict downturns, and the economic and social consequences of recessions.

  4. Macroeconomics (11th Edition) - N. Gregory Mankiw - Worth Publishers - Clear textbook treatment of inflation theory, the quantity theory of money, business cycle models, and the costs of inflation and deflation.

  5. A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960 - Milton Friedman, Anna Schwartz - Princeton University Press - Landmark study showing how monetary policy failures contributed to inflation and the Great Depression, essential reading on money and business cycles.

  6. Inflation - Concise Encyclopedia of Economics - Expert overview of what causes inflation, how it is measured, who wins and loses from inflation, and how central banks try to control it.

  7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers - Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) - The official CPI data series showing how the cost of living has changed in the United States over decades.

  8. 10-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate - Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) - Market-based measure of expected inflation over the next decade, showing what investors believe future inflation will be.

  9. NBER Based Recession Indicators - Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) - Official recession dates for the U.S. economy as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research, marking peaks and troughs.

  10. Global Inflation Data - World Bank - International inflation rate data across countries, useful for comparing price stability and understanding how inflation varies around the world.