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References: Money and Banking

  1. Money - Wikipedia - Covers the functions of money (medium of exchange, store of value, unit of account), its history from commodity money to fiat currency, and monetary theory.

  2. Fractional-Reserve Banking - Wikipedia - Explains how banks keep only a fraction of deposits as reserves while lending the rest, creating the money multiplier effect that expands the money supply.

  3. Federal Reserve - Wikipedia - Overview of the U.S. central bank including its structure, dual mandate of price stability and full employment, and tools for conducting monetary policy.

  4. The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets (13th Edition) - Frederic Mishkin - Pearson - The leading textbook on money and banking, covering the financial system, bank regulation, and how the Federal Reserve controls the money supply.

  5. Money Mischief: Episodes in Monetary History - Milton Friedman - Harcourt - Engaging collection of historical episodes showing how changes in the money supply have caused inflations, deflations, and economic upheaval.

  6. Money Supply - Concise Encyclopedia of Economics - Expert explanation of how money is defined and measured (M1, M2), how banks create money through lending, and why the money supply matters.

  7. Federal Reserve Education - Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System - Official Federal Reserve educational resources explaining how the central bank works, its history, and its role in the economy.

  8. M2 Money Supply - Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) - Data on the broad U.S. money supply including cash, checking deposits, and savings deposits, showing how the money supply grows over time.

  9. Effective Federal Funds Rate - Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) - The key interest rate that the Federal Reserve targets to influence borrowing, spending, and the overall money supply in the economy.

  10. Bank Assets and Liabilities - Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) - Data on total assets held by U.S. commercial banks, illustrating the scale of the banking system and fractional reserve banking in practice.