Glossary of Terms
Accumulator
A pressure vessel that stores fluid under pressure, typically used to absorb shock, provide supplementary fluid, maintain pressure in a system, and compensate for leakage.
Example: In the hydraulic systems lab, students learn to charge and maintain accumulators to provide emergency power in case of pump failure.
Actuator
A mechanical device that converts energy (typically hydraulic, pneumatic, or electric) into motion or force.
Example: During Week 8, students examine how AI predicts wear patterns in hydraulic actuators to schedule maintenance before failure occurs.
Advanced Controls
Systems that utilize sophisticated hardware and software to operate fluid power components with precise regulation of parameters such as pressure, flow, temperature, and position.
Example: Students implement advanced controls in the Week 9 lab to automatically adjust pump speed based on system demand.
AI Dashboard
A graphical user interface that displays artificial intelligence-processed data and insights about fluid power systems in an accessible format.
Example: The Week 1 lab introduces students to an AI dashboard that visualizes system performance data and predicts potential failures.
AI-Driven Controls
Control systems that utilize artificial intelligence algorithms to make autonomous or semi-autonomous decisions about system operation based on historical and real-time data.
Example: In Week 3, students use AI-driven controls to optimize HVAC operation based on occupancy patterns and weather forecasts.
Airflow
The movement of air through a system, characterized by volume, velocity, direction, and pressure.
Example: During the dust collection system unit, students measure airflow to evaluate system performance and identify restrictions.
Anomaly Detection
A process using AI techniques to identify unusual patterns or behaviors in system operation that may indicate faults, inefficiencies, or failures.
Example: Students learn how anomaly detection algorithms can identify unusual vibration patterns in fans before bearings fail completely.
Automated Filter Cleaning
A process that uses programmable controls or AI to activate cleaning mechanisms for filters based on differential pressure or timed intervals without manual intervention.
Example: In Week 7, students observe how automated filter cleaning systems use reverse air pulses to remove dust accumulation when sensors detect pressure drops.
Automated Maintenance
Maintenance activities initiated, scheduled, or performed by AI systems or automated controls with minimal human intervention.
Example: The cooling water system lab demonstrates automated maintenance where the control system backflushes heat exchangers when fouling is detected.
Backflow Prevention
Devices and methods used to prevent fluid from flowing in the reverse of the intended direction within a system.
Example: Students install and test backflow preventers in the pumping systems lab to protect water supplies from contamination.
Belt Drives
Power transmission systems that use belts and pulleys to transfer rotational motion between shafts.
Example: In Week 10, students learn to inspect, tension, and align belt drives on fan systems to prevent premature wear and energy loss.
Blades
Components in fans, pumps, or other rotating equipment that interact with fluid to create pressure or flow.
Example: During the fan systems module, students examine how blade design affects efficiency and noise generation.
Cavitation
A phenomenon where vapor bubbles form and collapse in a liquid due to pressure variations, causing noise, vibration, and material damage.
Example: In the pumping systems lab, students identify the characteristic sounds of cavitation and learn to adjust systems to prevent this destructive condition.
Combustible Dust
Fine solid particles that present an explosion hazard when suspended in air under certain conditions.
Example: The dust collection system module emphasizes safety protocols for handling combustible dust, including proper grounding and explosion venting.
Compressors
Machines that increase the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume.
Example: During Week 5, students learn to service various types of air compressors and use AI tools to optimize their operation.
Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS)
Software that centralizes maintenance information and facilitates the processes of maintenance operations, including scheduling, inventory control, and work order management.
Example: In Week 11, students use CMMS software to develop predictive maintenance schedules based on AI analysis of equipment performance data.
Condensation
The process of a vapor changing to a liquid state, often occurring on cooling coils or in compressed air systems.
Example: HVAC system training includes identifying proper condensation drainage and preventing moisture-related issues in building systems.
Control Logic
The set of rules, algorithms, and decision-making processes programmed into control systems to manage fluid power system operation.
Example: Students program basic control logic in PLCs to automate the operation of a multi-pump system based on pressure and flow requirements.
Control Panel
A housing containing switches, indicators, instruments, and other control devices for operating and monitoring fluid power systems.
Example: In the dust collection lab, students use a control panel to adjust fan speeds and monitor filter differential pressure.
Controls Integration
The process of combining individual control components and systems into a cohesive, coordinated control system for improved functionality and performance.
Example: The final project requires students to demonstrate controls integration by connecting HVAC, pumping, and compressed air systems to a central monitoring platform.
Cooling Coils
Heat exchange devices used to remove heat from air or other fluids in HVAC or process cooling applications.
Example: Students service cooling coils during the HVAC systems lab, measuring temperature differentials before and after cleaning.
Cooling Tower
A heat rejection device that uses evaporation to transfer waste heat from a fluid to the atmosphere.
Example: In Week 6, students inspect a cooling tower, analyze water quality, and optimize fan operation based on AI recommendations.
Corrosion
The gradual destruction of materials, usually metals, by chemical or electrochemical reaction with their environment.
Example: During the cooling water systems unit, students identify different types of corrosion and implement prevention strategies using water treatment and material selection.
Data-Driven Approach
A methodology that bases decisions and actions on the analysis of data rather than intuition or personal experience.
Example: Students compare traditional time-based maintenance with a data-driven approach that schedules maintenance based on actual equipment condition and performance trends.
Data Collection
The process of gathering and measuring information on system variables in a systematic fashion to evaluate outcomes and make informed decisions.
Example: Throughout the course, students implement various data collection methods, from manual readings to automated sensor networks that feed AI analytics systems.
Differential Pressure
The difference in fluid pressure between two points in a system, often used to measure flow or monitor filter condition.
Example: Students use differential pressure measurements across filters to determine when cleaning or replacement is necessary in dust collection systems.
Dust Collector
A system designed to capture, transport, and separate particulate matter from an airstream.
Example: In Week 7, students service a dust collector and use AI tools to optimize filter cleaning cycles based on particulate loading.
Dynamic Balancing
The process of equalizing the weight distribution of rotating components to reduce vibration and wear.
Example: The fan systems module teaches students to perform dynamic balancing using vibration sensors and AI analysis to identify imbalance conditions.
Eco-Friendly Hydraulic Fluids
Hydraulic fluids formulated to minimize environmental impact through biodegradability, reduced toxicity, or renewable sourcing.
Example: During the hydraulic systems week, students compare traditional mineral oil-based fluids with eco-friendly alternatives and evaluate their performance characteristics.
Energy Conservation
Practices and technologies that reduce energy consumption while maintaining or improving system performance.
Example: Throughout the course, students learn energy conservation techniques such as variable speed drives, insulation, and optimized control strategies.
Energy Efficiency
The ratio of useful work performed to energy consumed, a measure of how effectively a system converts input energy into desired output.
Example: Students calculate the energy efficiency of pumping systems before and after implementing AI-optimized control strategies.
Failure Analysis
The process of collecting and analyzing data to determine the cause of a component or system failure.
Example: Using historical failure data and AI analysis, students conduct failure analysis on a hydraulic cylinder to determine root causes and prevention strategies.
Fans
Mechanical devices that create a flow of air or gas by rotating blades that impart kinetic energy to the fluid.
Example: In Week 10, students learn to maintain different types of fans and use smart controls to optimize their operation for energy efficiency.
Filter Cleaning
The process of removing accumulated contaminants from filter media to restore performance and extend service life.
Example: Students program automated filter cleaning sequences for a dust collection system based on differential pressure readings.
Filters
Devices that remove contaminants from fluids by capturing particles on or within a permeable medium.
Example: During Week 2, students examine various filter types and learn how IoT sensors can monitor filter condition to predict maintenance needs.
Flow Rate
The volume of fluid passing a point in a system per unit of time, typically measured in gallons per minute (GPM) or cubic feet per minute (CFM).
Example: In the pumping systems lab, students use flow meters and AI tools to optimize flow rates for energy efficiency while meeting process requirements.
Fluid Dynamics
The study of forces and motion of fluids, including how fluids interact with solid surfaces or other fluids.
Example: Basic fluid dynamics principles are introduced in Week 1 to help students understand how pressure, flow, and resistance interact in systems.
Fluid Power
The technology that uses pressurized fluid to transmit and control power in a system.
Example: The course explores various fluid power applications, from hydraulic lifting equipment to compressed air tools.
Green Certification
A formal recognition that a system, product, or practice meets specific environmental and sustainability standards.
Example: In Week 12, students learn about various green certification programs for fluid power systems and how AI can help maintain compliance with these standards.
Historical Data
Recorded information about past system performance, conditions, and events used for analysis, planning, and prediction.
Example: Students analyze historical data from an HVAC system to identify patterns of energy consumption and develop optimization strategies.
HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning)
Systems and technologies used to control temperature, humidity, and air quality in indoor environments.
Example: Week 3 focuses on HVAC systems, where students learn to use AI tools to balance thermal comfort with energy efficiency.
Hydraulic Cylinder
A mechanical actuator that converts hydraulic energy into linear force and motion.
Example: In the hydraulic systems lab, students disassemble a cylinder to inspect seals and use IoT sensors to monitor performance during operation.
Hydraulic Fluid
A liquid medium used to transmit power in hydraulic systems, typically oil-based or water-based with specific properties for power transmission, lubrication, and system protection.
Example: Students test hydraulic fluid samples for contamination and degradation as part of predictive maintenance procedures.
Hydraulic Pressure
The force per unit area exerted by a confined liquid in a hydraulic system, typically measured in pounds per square inch (PSI) or bar.
Example: During Week 8, students use pressure sensors and AI monitoring to optimize hydraulic pressure levels for energy efficiency.
Hydraulic System
A power transmission system that uses pressurized fluid to generate, control, and transmit power.
Example: In Week 8, students troubleshoot a hydraulic system using data collection and AI analysis to identify inefficiencies and predict component failures.
Industry Standards
Documented agreements containing technical specifications or precise criteria to be used consistently as rules, guidelines, or definitions to ensure materials, products, processes, and services are fit for their purpose.
Example: Students apply ASHRAE standards when optimizing HVAC systems and OSHA regulations when designing safety protocols for high-pressure systems.
Internet of Things (IoT)
A network of physical objects embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity that enables them to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet.
Example: In the cooling water systems module, students deploy IoT sensors to monitor water quality parameters and transmit data to AI analysis platforms.
IoT Sensors
Devices that collect specific measurements from the physical environment and transmit this data to other devices or systems via internet connectivity.
Example: Students install IoT sensors on pumps to monitor vibration, temperature, and power consumption for real-time condition monitoring.
Labor Efficiency
The effective use of human resources to accomplish tasks with minimal waste of time and effort.
Example: The final project requires students to demonstrate how their AI-enhanced system reduces labor hours required for maintenance through automation and predictive analysis.
Leak Detection
The process of identifying and locating fluid escapes from a system using various methods such as ultrasonic testing, pressure testing, or thermal imaging.
Example: During the compressed air week, students use ultrasonic leak detection tools enhanced with AI software to prioritize repairs based on energy waste.
Life Cycle Analysis
A systematic approach to evaluating the environmental impacts associated with all stages of a product's life from raw material extraction through disposal or recycling.
Example: In Week 11, students perform a life cycle analysis of different pump types to determine the most sustainable option based on energy use, materials, and maintenance requirements.
Load Balancing
The distribution of workload across multiple system components to optimize resource utilization, maximize throughput, and minimize response time.
Example: Students learn to implement load balancing in multi-pump systems where AI controls alternate lead pumps to equalize wear and maximize efficiency.
Machine Learning
A subset of artificial intelligence that enables systems to learn from data, identify patterns, and make decisions with minimal human intervention.
Example: The course demonstrates how machine learning algorithms analyze vibration signatures from pumps to detect developing failures before they cause system shutdowns.
Maintenance Alerts
Notifications or warnings generated by monitoring systems to indicate when maintenance attention is required.
Example: In the vacuum systems lab, students configure maintenance alerts based on AI analysis of pressure trends and system performance.
Maintenance Logs
Records documenting maintenance activities, findings, and repairs performed on equipment or systems.
Example: Students review historical maintenance logs enhanced with AI analysis to identify recurring issues and develop preventive measures.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
A document that contains information on potential hazards and how to safely work with a chemical product.
Example: When working with hydraulic fluids and cleaning agents, students must reference the MSDS to ensure proper handling and disposal procedures.
Monitoring Systems
Equipment and software used to observe, measure, and record the condition and performance of fluid power systems.
Example: Throughout the course, students implement various monitoring systems, from simple pressure gauges to advanced AI-driven diagnostic platforms.
Noise Reduction
Techniques and technologies used to decrease sound levels produced by fluid power systems.
Example: In Week 10, students design and implement noise reduction strategies for fan systems using vibration isolation, acoustic enclosures, and optimized control algorithms.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
A federal agency that establishes and enforces workplace safety and health standards.
Example: Throughout the course, students apply OSHA regulations for lockout/tagout procedures when servicing fluid power equipment.
Optimized Settings
System parameters that have been adjusted to achieve the best performance, efficiency, or other desired characteristics.
Example: In the HVAC module, students use AI tools to establish optimized settings for temperature, humidity, and airflow based on building usage patterns.
Pattern Recognition
The automated identification of patterns, regularities, or significant features in data.
Example: Students observe how pattern recognition algorithms identify early signs of bearing wear in pump vibration data before failures occur.
Performance Metrics
Quantifiable measurements used to evaluate and compare system function against established benchmarks or goals.
Example: In the final project, students define and track key performance metrics such as energy consumption, maintenance frequency, and system uptime.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses.
Example: Students must wear appropriate PPE including safety glasses, gloves, and hearing protection when working with high-pressure systems.
Pneumatic System
A system that uses compressed air or other gases to transmit power for operating mechanisms.
Example: Students troubleshoot pneumatic systems using pressure sensors and flow monitors to identify restrictions and leaks.
Predictive Analytics
The use of data, statistical algorithms, and machine learning techniques to identify the likelihood of future outcomes based on historical data.
Example: During the course, students use predictive analytics to forecast equipment failures and optimize maintenance scheduling.
Predictive Maintenance
A maintenance strategy that uses data analysis tools and techniques to determine the condition of equipment and predict when maintenance should be performed.
Example: In the hydraulic systems unit, students develop predictive maintenance programs by analyzing fluid samples and monitoring system performance data.
Pressure Drop
The reduction in fluid pressure between two points in a system due to resistance to flow, often caused by friction, changes in elevation, or restrictions.
Example: Students measure pressure drops across filters to determine when cleaning or replacement is necessary.
Pressure Regulation
The control of fluid pressure within a system to maintain desired operating conditions.
Example: In the compressed air lab, students configure pressure regulation systems with feedback controls to maintain optimal pressure levels while minimizing energy use.
Preventive Maintenance
Regularly scheduled service activities designed to prevent unexpected failures and extend equipment life.
Example: Students compare traditional time-based preventive maintenance with condition-based approaches enhanced by AI monitoring.
Process Control
The automated control of industrial processes to maintain quality, safety, and efficiency.
Example: The course covers process control fundamentals as students learn to maintain consistent conditions in fluid power systems despite varying loads or environmental factors.
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
A ruggedized computer control system that continuously monitors the state of input devices and makes decisions based on a custom program to control the state of output devices.
Example: Students program PLCs to control pump sequencing based on system demand and optimize energy usage in Week 9.
Pumps
Mechanical devices that move fluids by physical or mechanical action.
Example: During Week 9, students learn to install, maintain, and optimize various types of pumps using smart controls and AI monitoring.
Real-Time Data
Information that is delivered immediately after collection with no significant delay between the occurrence of an event and the availability of its data.
Example: IoT sensors throughout fluid power systems provide real-time data that enables immediate response to changing conditions.
Real-Time Monitoring
The continuous observation and measurement of system conditions or performance as they occur.
Example: In the pumping systems lab, students implement real-time monitoring of pressure, flow, temperature, and power consumption to optimize system operation.
Refrigerant
A substance used in a heat cycle that undergoes phase transitions from liquid to gas and back, used for transferring heat in HVAC systems.
Example: Students learn proper handling and recovery procedures for refrigerants during the HVAC module to ensure environmental compliance.
Reservoirs
Vessels that hold fluid in a hydraulic or lubrication system, providing storage, heat dissipation, and contaminant settling.
Example: Students learn to properly size and maintain hydraulic reservoirs to prevent aeration and contamination issues.
Resource Consumption
The use of materials, energy, water, or other resources by a system during operation.
Example: Throughout the course, students monitor and optimize resource consumption through data collection and AI analysis.
Risk Assessment
A systematic process of evaluating potential risks in a system, operation, or facility.
Example: Students conduct risk assessments for high-pressure hydraulic systems to identify potential failure points and develop safety measures.
Scaling
The formation of mineral deposits on heat transfer surfaces or fluid handling equipment due to precipitation of dissolved solids.
Example: In Week 6, students learn to identify scaling in cooling water systems and implement prevention strategies using chemical treatment and monitoring.
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
A system of software and hardware that allows industrial organizations to control industrial processes, monitor and gather data in real-time, directly interact with sensors, valves, pumps, and motors through HMI software, and record events in a log file.
Example: Students use SCADA systems in Week 11 to monitor multiple fluid power systems from a central control station and integrate AI-driven optimization.
Seals
Devices that prevent leakage of fluids or gases, or prevent ingress of contaminants.
Example: In the hydraulic systems lab, students learn how AI analysis can predict seal wear patterns and recommend replacement before failure occurs.
Sensor Data
Information collected by devices that detect and respond to physical properties such as temperature, pressure, flow, or vibration.
Example: Throughout the course, students analyze sensor data to diagnose system issues and optimize performance.
Smart Thermostat
A temperature control device that can be programmed to adjust heating and cooling settings based on schedules, occupancy, weather conditions, and other factors.
Example: In Week 3, students configure smart thermostats and integrate them with AI systems to optimize comfort and energy efficiency.
Software Deployment
The process of installing, configuring, and enabling software applications for use in monitoring, controlling, or analyzing fluid power systems.
Example: During Week 11, students deploy monitoring software that integrates with IoT sensors to provide predictive maintenance capabilities.
Sustainability
The practice of using resources in a way that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Example: Throughout the course, sustainability principles are applied to fluid power system design, operation, and maintenance decisions.
System Efficiency
The ratio of useful output to energy input in a system, a measure of how effectively resources are utilized.
Example: Students monitor system efficiency metrics throughout the course and implement optimization strategies to reduce energy waste.
System Health
The overall condition and operational status of a fluid power system, often assessed through performance metrics and diagnostic indicators.
Example: Students learn to evaluate system health through comprehensive monitoring and analysis of multiple parameters using AI-enhanced diagnostic tools.
System Integration
The process of bringing together component subsystems into one unified system to ensure that all elements function together as intended.
Example: The final project requires students to demonstrate system integration by connecting multiple fluid power systems to a central monitoring and control platform.
System Monitoring
The ongoing process of collecting data about system performance and conditions to ensure proper operation and identify potential issues.
Example: Students implement various system monitoring approaches throughout the course, from simple visual inspections to advanced IoT sensor networks.
System Optimization
The process of making a system as effective and efficient as possible through adjustments to design, operation, or control parameters.
Example: Week 11 focuses on system optimization techniques using AI to analyze data from multiple sources and recommend improvements.
System Performance
The measure of how well a system accomplishes its intended functions according to specified criteria such as efficiency, reliability, and output quality.
Example: Students track key system performance indicators throughout the course and implement improvement strategies based on data analysis.
Thermal Comfort
A condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment, influenced by air temperature, humidity, air movement, and radiant heat.
Example: The HVAC module teaches students to balance thermal comfort requirements with energy efficiency using AI-driven controls.
Troubleshooting
A systematic approach to problem-solving used to identify and resolve issues within a system.
Example: Throughout the course, students develop troubleshooting skills enhanced by data analysis and AI diagnostic tools.
Ultrasonic Testing
A non-destructive testing technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to detect flaws, measure thickness, or evaluate material properties.
Example: Students use ultrasonic testing equipment to detect compressed air leaks and evaluate the integrity of hydraulic components.
Vacuum Pressure
Pressure that is less than atmospheric pressure, measured in inches of mercury (inHg) or millibars.
Example: In Week 4, students monitor vacuum pressure in various systems and use AI analytics to detect developing leaks or pump issues.
Vacuum Pump
A device that removes gas molecules from a sealed volume to create a partial vacuum.
Example: During the vacuum systems module, students maintain various types of vacuum pumps and optimize their operation using smart controls.
Vacuum System
An arrangement of components designed to create, maintain, and utilize a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure.
Example: In Week 4, students troubleshoot vacuum systems using data collection and AI analysis to identify inefficiencies and leaks.
Valves
Devices that regulate the flow of fluids by opening, closing, or partially obstructing passages.
Example: Students learn to maintain various types of valves and implement smart valve controls for optimized system performance.
Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)
An electronic system that controls AC motor speed by varying the frequency and voltage of the power supplied to the motor.
Example: In multiple labs, students configure VFDs to optimize pump and fan operation based on system demand, resulting in significant energy savings.
Vibration Analysis
The process of measuring and analyzing the vibration characteristics of mechanical systems to detect faults, imbalances, or misalignments.
Example: Students conduct vibration analysis on rotating equipment using sensors and AI software to identify developing problems before failures occur.
Vibration Control
Techniques and technologies used to reduce or eliminate unwanted vibration in mechanical systems.
Example: During the fan systems week, students implement vibration control measures and monitor their effectiveness using data collection and analysis.
Water Quality
The chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water, often measured by parameters such as pH, hardness, conductivity, and microbial content.
Example: In Week 6, students analyze water quality in cooling systems and implement treatment programs based on data trends.
Water Recycling
The process of treating and reusing water that would otherwise be discharged as waste.
Example: The cooling water systems module demonstrates water recycling techniques to reduce consumption and meet sustainability goals.