Multi-Hop Query Performance: RDBMS vs Graph Database

Why relational databases struggle with transitive dependencies
Hops RDBMS (no index) RDBMS (indexed) Graph DB
150 ms8 ms5 ms
2800 ms95 ms9 ms
38,500 ms1,200 ms13 ms
445,000 ms12,000 ms17 ms
5180,000 ms ⚠ TIMEOUT65,000 ms ⚠21 ms
6N/A (timeout)N/A (timeout)25 ms
Data based on benchmarks: 100,000 node dataset, avg fan-out 3 deps/node, PostgreSQL vs Neo4j