{ "metadata": { "title": "U.S. History", "description": "A comprehensive learning graph for a rigorous U.S. History course covering pre-Columbian civilizations through the modern era, including the Age of AI. Designed for high school students in standard, honors, or AP-track courses.", "creator": "Dan McCreary", "date": "2026-05-09", "version": "1.0", "format": "Learning Graph JSON v1.0", "schema": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dmccreary/learning-graphs/refs/heads/main/src/schema/learning-graph-schema.json", "license": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED" }, "groups": { "FOUND": { "classifierName": "Foundation Concepts", "color": "SteelBlue", "font": { "color": "white" } }, "NEWWLD": { "classifierName": "New World and Early Contact", "color": "DarkGoldenrod", "font": { "color": "white" } }, "COLAM": { "classifierName": "Colonial America", "color": "Peru", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "REVOL": { "classifierName": "Revolution and Early Republic", "color": "DarkGreen", "font": { "color": "white" } }, "EXPAN": { "classifierName": "Expansion and Reform", "color": "LimeGreen", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "CIVWR": { "classifierName": "Civil War and Reconstruction", "color": "Crimson", "font": { "color": "white" } }, "GILDD": { "classifierName": "Gilded Age and Immigration", "color": "Gold", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "PROGR": { "classifierName": "Progressivism and WWI", "color": "Teal", "font": { "color": "white" } }, "DEPRS": { "classifierName": "1920s and Great Depression", "color": "DarkSlateBlue", "font": { "color": "white" } }, "WWII": { "classifierName": "WWII and Early Cold War", "color": "Indigo", "font": { "color": "white" } }, "CIVRT": { "classifierName": "Civil Rights and Vietnam", "color": "DarkOrchid", "font": { "color": "white" } }, "MODRA": { "classifierName": "Reagan Era to Modern Day", "color": "HotPink", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "AIERA": { "classifierName": "Age of AI", "color": "Orange", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "APTHEME": { "classifierName": "AP Thematic Lenses", "color": "DodgerBlue", "font": { "color": "white" } }, "SKILLS": { "classifierName": "Historical Thinking Skills", "color": "OliveDrab", "font": { "color": "white" } } }, "nodes": [ { "id": 1, "label": "Pre-Columbian Civilizations", "group": "FOUND", "shape": "box" }, { "id": 2, "label": "Indigenous North American Cultures", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 3, "label": "Aztec Empire", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 4, "label": "Inca Empire", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 5, "label": "Mississippian Culture", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 6, "label": "Iroquois Confederacy", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 7, "label": "European Exploration Motives", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 8, "label": "Christopher Columbus", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 9, "label": "Spanish Conquistadors", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 10, "label": "Columbian Exchange", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 11, "label": "Disease and Indigenous Depopulation", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 12, "label": "French Exploration", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 13, "label": "Dutch Exploration", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 14, "label": "English Exploration", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 15, "label": "Treaty of Tordesillas", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 16, "label": "Encomienda System", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 17, "label": "Atlantic Slave Trade Origins", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 18, "label": "Jamestown Settlement", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 19, "label": "John Smith", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 20, "label": "Powhatan Confederacy", "group": "NEWWLD" }, { "id": 21, "label": "New England Colonies", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 22, "label": "Middle Colonies", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 23, "label": "Southern Colonies", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 24, "label": "Puritan Migration", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 25, "label": "Massachusetts Bay Colony", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 26, "label": "Roger Williams and Rhode Island", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 27, "label": "Anne Hutchinson", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 28, "label": "Headright System", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 29, "label": "Indentured Servitude", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 30, "label": "Slavery in the Colonies", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 31, "label": "Triangular Trade", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 32, "label": "Mercantilism", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 33, "label": "Navigation Acts", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 34, "label": "Bacon's Rebellion", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 35, "label": "Salem Witch Trials", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 36, "label": "Colonial Governance", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 37, "label": "Town Meetings", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 38, "label": "House of Burgesses", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 39, "label": "Great Awakening", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 40, "label": "Jonathan Edwards", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 41, "label": "Colonial Social Structure", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 42, "label": "Plantation Economy", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 43, "label": "Middle Passage", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 44, "label": "Colonial Education", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 45, "label": "Albany Plan of Union", "group": "COLAM" }, { "id": 46, "label": "French and Indian War", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 47, "label": "Proclamation of 1763", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 48, "label": "Stamp Act", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 49, "label": "Townshend Acts", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 50, "label": "Boston Massacre", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 51, "label": "Boston Tea Party", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 52, "label": "Intolerable Acts", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 53, "label": "First Continental Congress", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 54, "label": "Lexington and Concord", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 55, "label": "Second Continental Congress", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 56, "label": "Common Sense (Paine)", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 57, "label": "Declaration of Independence", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 58, "label": "Thomas Jefferson", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 59, "label": "Revolutionary War Major Battles", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 60, "label": "Valley Forge", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 61, "label": "Marquis de Lafayette", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 62, "label": "Treaty of Paris 1783", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 63, "label": "Articles of Confederation", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 64, "label": "Shays' Rebellion", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 65, "label": "Constitutional Convention", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 66, "label": "Great Compromise", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 67, "label": "Three-Fifths Compromise", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 68, "label": "Federalism", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 69, "label": "Anti-Federalism", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 70, "label": "Federalist Papers", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 71, "label": "Bill of Rights", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 72, "label": "George Washington as President", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 73, "label": "Alexander Hamilton", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 74, "label": "Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 75, "label": "National Bank Debate", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 76, "label": "Washington's Farewell Address", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 77, "label": "John Adams Presidency", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 78, "label": "XYZ Affair", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 79, "label": "Alien and Sedition Acts", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 80, "label": "Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions", "group": "REVOL" }, { "id": 81, "label": "Election of 1800", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 82, "label": "Jeffersonian Democracy", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 83, "label": "Louisiana Purchase", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 84, "label": "Lewis and Clark Expedition", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 85, "label": "Marbury v. Madison", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 86, "label": "Judicial Review", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 87, "label": "War of 1812", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 88, "label": "Era of Good Feelings", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 89, "label": "Monroe Doctrine", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 90, "label": "Missouri Compromise", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 91, "label": "Jacksonian Democracy", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 92, "label": "Andrew Jackson", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 93, "label": "Spoils System", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 94, "label": "Nullification Crisis", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 95, "label": "Indian Removal Act", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 96, "label": "Trail of Tears", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 97, "label": "Second Bank of the United States", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 98, "label": "Manifest Destiny", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 99, "label": "Texas Revolution", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 100, "label": "Mexican-American War", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 101, "label": "Seneca Falls Convention", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 102, "label": "Abolitionism", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 103, "label": "Frederick Douglass", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 104, "label": "William Lloyd Garrison", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 105, "label": "Underground Railroad", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 106, "label": "Temperance Movement", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 107, "label": "Women's Rights Movement", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 108, "label": "Transcendentalism", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 109, "label": "Industrial Revolution in America", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 110, "label": "Market Revolution", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 111, "label": "Transportation Revolution", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 112, "label": "Erie Canal", "group": "EXPAN" }, { "id": 113, "label": "Sectionalism", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 114, "label": "Compromise of 1850", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 115, "label": "Fugitive Slave Act", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 116, "label": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 117, "label": "Kansas-Nebraska Act", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 118, "label": "Bleeding Kansas", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 119, "label": "Republican Party Formation", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 120, "label": "Dred Scott Decision", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 121, "label": "Lincoln-Douglas Debates", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 122, "label": "John Brown's Raid", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 123, "label": "Election of 1860", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 124, "label": "Southern Secession", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 125, "label": "Confederate States of America", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 126, "label": "Abraham Lincoln", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 127, "label": "Civil War Causes", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 128, "label": "Fort Sumter", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 129, "label": "Anaconda Plan", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 130, "label": "Battle of Antietam", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 131, "label": "Emancipation Proclamation", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 132, "label": "Battle of Gettysburg", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 133, "label": "Total War Strategy", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 134, "label": "Thirteenth Amendment", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 135, "label": "Fourteenth Amendment", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 136, "label": "Fifteenth Amendment", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 137, "label": "Reconstruction Plans", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 138, "label": "Radical Reconstruction", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 139, "label": "Freedmen's Bureau", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 140, "label": "Carpetbaggers and Scalawags", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 141, "label": "Black Codes", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 142, "label": "Ku Klux Klan Origins", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 143, "label": "Compromise of 1877", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 144, "label": "Redeemer South", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 145, "label": "Sharecropping System", "group": "CIVWR" }, { "id": 146, "label": "Transcontinental Railroad", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 147, "label": "Railroad Expansion", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 148, "label": "Rise of Big Business", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 149, "label": "Robber Barons", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 150, "label": "Andrew Carnegie", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 151, "label": "John D. Rockefeller", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 152, "label": "J.P. Morgan", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 153, "label": "Social Darwinism", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 154, "label": "Horizontal Integration", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 155, "label": "Vertical Integration", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 156, "label": "Trusts and Monopolies", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 157, "label": "Sherman Antitrust Act", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 158, "label": "Labor Movement Origins", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 159, "label": "Knights of Labor", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 160, "label": "American Federation of Labor", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 161, "label": "Samuel Gompers", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 162, "label": "Homestead Strike", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 163, "label": "Pullman Strike", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 164, "label": "New Immigration Wave", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 165, "label": "Ellis Island", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 166, "label": "Urbanization", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 167, "label": "Tenement Housing", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 168, "label": "Political Machines", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 169, "label": "Tammany Hall", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 170, "label": "Populist Movement", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 171, "label": "William Jennings Bryan", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 172, "label": "Farmers' Alliance", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 173, "label": "Gold Standard Debate", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 174, "label": "Gilded Age Politics", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 175, "label": "Civil Service Reform", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 176, "label": "Pendleton Act", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 177, "label": "Native American Wars", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 178, "label": "Battle of Little Bighorn", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 179, "label": "Dawes Act", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 180, "label": "Ghost Dance Movement", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 181, "label": "Closing of the Frontier", "group": "GILDD" }, { "id": 182, "label": "Progressive Era", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 183, "label": "Muckrakers", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 184, "label": "Upton Sinclair and The Jungle", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 185, "label": "Ida Tarbell", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 186, "label": "Jacob Riis", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 187, "label": "Theodore Roosevelt", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 188, "label": "Square Deal", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 189, "label": "Trust-Busting", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 190, "label": "Pure Food and Drug Act", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 191, "label": "Sixteenth Amendment (Income Tax)", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 192, "label": "Seventeenth Amendment (Direct Election)", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 193, "label": "Eighteenth Amendment (Prohibition)", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 194, "label": "Nineteenth Amendment (Women's Suffrage)", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 195, "label": "Susan B. Anthony", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 196, "label": "Women's Suffrage Movement", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 197, "label": "NAACP Formation", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 198, "label": "Booker T. Washington", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 199, "label": "W.E.B. Du Bois", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 200, "label": "Spanish-American War", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 201, "label": "USS Maine Incident", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 202, "label": "Treaty of Paris 1898", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 203, "label": "Philippines Acquisition", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 204, "label": "Anti-Imperialist League", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 205, "label": "Panama Canal", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 206, "label": "Roosevelt Corollary", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 207, "label": "Dollar Diplomacy", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 208, "label": "Woodrow Wilson", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 209, "label": "World War I Causes", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 210, "label": "Zimmermann Telegram", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 211, "label": "U.S. Entry into WWI", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 212, "label": "Selective Service Act", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 213, "label": "Home Front Mobilization (WWI)", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 214, "label": "Committee on Public Information", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 215, "label": "Espionage and Sedition Acts", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 216, "label": "Fourteen Points", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 217, "label": "Treaty of Versailles", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 218, "label": "Senate Rejection of League of Nations", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 219, "label": "Red Scare (First)", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 220, "label": "Palmer Raids", "group": "PROGR" }, { "id": 221, "label": "Consumer Culture of 1920s", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 222, "label": "Automobile Culture", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 223, "label": "Mass Media and Radio", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 224, "label": "Harlem Renaissance", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 225, "label": "Langston Hughes", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 226, "label": "Jazz Age", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 227, "label": "Prohibition Era", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 228, "label": "Bootlegging and Organized Crime", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 229, "label": "Scopes Trial", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 230, "label": "Nativism and Anti-Immigration", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 231, "label": "Emergency Quota Act", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 232, "label": "National Origins Act", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 233, "label": "Ku Klux Klan 1920s Revival", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 234, "label": "1929 Stock Market Crash", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 235, "label": "Causes of the Great Depression", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 236, "label": "Bank Failures", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 237, "label": "Herbert Hoover's Response", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 238, "label": "Hoovervilles", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 239, "label": "Bonus Army", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 240, "label": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 241, "label": "New Deal Programs", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 242, "label": "Civilian Conservation Corps", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 243, "label": "Social Security Act", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 244, "label": "Tennessee Valley Authority", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 245, "label": "Wagner Act", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 246, "label": "Court-Packing Plan", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 247, "label": "Dust Bowl", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 248, "label": "Okies Migration", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 249, "label": "Rise of Fascism in Europe", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 250, "label": "Hitler and Nazi Germany", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 251, "label": "U.S. Isolationism Pre-WWII", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 252, "label": "Neutrality Acts", "group": "DEPRS" }, { "id": 253, "label": "German Blitzkrieg", "group": "WWII" }, { "id": 254, "label": "Lend-Lease Act", "group": "WWII" }, { "id": 255, "label": "Attack on Pearl Harbor", "group": "WWII" }, { "id": 256, "label": "U.S. Entry into WWII", "group": "WWII" }, { "id": 257, "label": "Home Front War Production", "group": "WWII" }, { "id": 258, "label": "Women in the Workforce (WWII)", "group": "WWII" }, { "id": 259, "label": "Rosie the Riveter", "group": "WWII" }, { "id": 260, "label": "Japanese American Internment", "group": "WWII" }, { "id": 261, "label": "Korematsu v. 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