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References: Critical Thinking, Logical Reasoning, and Fallacies

  1. Critical thinking - Wikipedia - Comprehensive overview of critical thinking as a cognitive skill: its definition, history, key components (questioning assumptions, evaluating evidence, testing reasoning), and its relationship to logical reasoning and argumentation.

  2. Fallacy - Wikipedia - Systematic overview of logical fallacies including formal and informal types, with examples; covers ad hominem, straw man, false dichotomy, slippery slope, appeal to authority, circular reasoning, and hasty generalization addressed in this chapter.

  3. Ad hominem - Wikipedia - Detailed treatment of the ad hominem fallacy, its variants (abusive, circumstantial, tu quoque), examples in political and academic discourse, and how to identify and respond to it in written argument.

  4. Thinking Critically (12th ed.) - John Chaffee - Cengage Learning - The leading critical thinking textbook for high school and college, covering logical reasoning, argument analysis, fallacy identification, and the habits of mind that distinguish critical from uncritical thinking.

  5. Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Learning and Your Life (3rd ed.) - Richard Paul and Linda Elder - Pearson - Foundational text from the Foundation for Critical Thinking; provides systematic frameworks for analyzing arguments, questioning assumptions, and applying intellectual standards that align directly with this chapter's skill set.

  6. Your Logical Fallacy Is - Your Logical Fallacy Is - Visually engaging guide to 24 common logical fallacies with clear one-paragraph definitions, canonical examples, and downloadable poster; covers all seven fallacies in this chapter and is widely used in high school classrooms.

  7. Foundation for Critical Thinking - Foundation for Critical Thinking - Free articles, mini-guides, and frameworks for critical thinking instruction, including the Intellectual Standards framework that underlies the questioning and reasoning skills in this chapter.

  8. TED-Ed: Critical Thinking Lessons - TED-Ed - Short animated video lessons on logical reasoning, fallacy identification, and argument evaluation; each lesson includes comprehension questions and discussion prompts for classroom use.

  9. Purdue OWL: Logic in Argumentative Writing - Purdue Online Writing Lab - Clear explanations of deductive and inductive reasoning, logical fallacies, and how to construct sound arguments in academic writing — directly supports this chapter's argumentation and fallacy content.

  10. Khan Academy: AP Language and Composition - Khan Academy - Free lessons on rhetorical analysis, logical reasoning, and argument evaluation in informational texts, providing CCSS-aligned practice with the critical thinking skills in this chapter.