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References: Design for Additive Manufacturing and Metrology

  1. Design for additive manufacturing - Wikipedia - Overview of DfAM principles including overhang angle limits, support minimization strategies, build orientation decision-making, and topology optimization for AM.

  2. Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing - Wikipedia - Comprehensive article on GD&T symbols, datum reference frames, feature control frames, and tolerance interpretation used to specify and inspect printed part accuracy.

  3. Metrology - Wikipedia - Overview of measurement science including instruments, calibration, traceability, and uncertainty — the scientific foundation for evaluating whether a printed part meets specifications.

  4. Design for Additive Manufacturing — David W. Rosen — ASME Press — Systematic DfAM framework covering build orientation strategy, support minimization, lattice design, tolerance allowances, and topology optimization for functional AM parts.

  5. Fundamentals of Dimensional Metrology (6th ed.) — Connie Dotson — Cengage — Covers calipers, micrometers, dial indicators, surface plates, and GD&T interpretation — the measurement tools and methods used to evaluate printed part dimensional accuracy.

  6. Selecting the right 3D printing process - Hubs (Protolabs Network) - Embeds DfAM decision-making into process selection, showing how orientation and support choices directly affect achievable accuracy, surface finish, and cost.

  7. What is FDM 3D printing? - Hubs (Protolabs Network) - FDM-specific DfAM guidance covering overhang angle limits, minimum wall thickness, bridging distance, and recommended tolerance allowances for functional parts.

  8. 3D printer calibration guide - Teaching Tech - Includes dimensional accuracy testing with calibration cubes and flow rate calibration exercises directly applicable to metrology practice in this chapter.

  9. Print quality troubleshooting - Simplify3D - Connects DfAM decisions (orientation, support placement) to measurable print quality outcomes including dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, and warping.

  10. Printables - Prusa Research - Community repository of calibration objects (cubes, tolerance towers, flow benchmarks, Benchy) used to develop and practice the metrology skills covered in this chapter.