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References: Motors, Servos, and Stepper Motor Control

  1. DC motor - Wikipedia - Explains how a DC motor spins and how voltage controls its speed. Directly supports this chapter's transistor and H-bridge motor control.

  2. Servomotor - Wikipedia - Describes how a control signal sets a servo's precise angle. Reinforces the chapter's PWM servo-positioning examples.

  3. Stepper motor - Wikipedia - Covers how stepper motors move in exact increments and the coil-energizing sequence. Background for the chapter's 28BYJ-48 stepper section.

  4. Making Things Move - Dustyn Roberts - McGraw-Hill - A practical guide to motors, gears, and motion for makers that complements the chapter's hands-on motor projects.

  5. Practical Electronics for Inventors (4th Edition) - Paul Scherz & Simon Monk - McGraw-Hill - Detailed coverage of motor drivers and H-bridges for students wanting deeper theory than the chapter provides.

  6. Hobby Servo Tutorial - SparkFun - Explains servo control signals, pulse widths, and wiring. Reinforces the chapter's servo PWM timing.

  7. Adafruit DRV8833 Motor Driver - Adafruit - Guide to a dual H-bridge that drives DC and stepper motors. Directly supports the chapter's motor-driver wiring.

  8. 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor Tutorial - Last Minute Engineers - Detailed walkthrough of the 28BYJ-48 and ULN2003 driver used in this chapter, including the half-step sequence.

  9. Motors and Selecting the Right One - SparkFun - Compares DC, servo, and stepper motors and their trade-offs. Helps students choose the right motor as the chapter discusses.

  10. machine.PWM - MicroPython - Reference for the PWM signals that set motor speed and servo angle. Connects the chapter's concepts to working code.