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References: Building and Programming a No-Display STEM Robot

  1. H-bridge - Wikipedia - Explains the four-switch H-shaped circuit topology that lets a motor be driven forward, reversed, braked, or coasted from low-current logic signals, the exact mechanism inside this chapter's motor driver.

  2. Differential wheeled robot - Wikipedia - Covers how two independently driven wheels produce straight motion, curves, and in-place pivots depending on their relative speeds, directly matching this chapter's drive() function and turning-radius discussion.

  3. DC motor - Wikipedia - Describes how a direct-current motor converts electrical energy into continuous rotation and how reversing terminal polarity reverses spin direction, the foundational component behind this chapter's motor and motor-polarity sections.

  4. Introduction to Autonomous Mobile Robots (2nd Edition) - Roland Siegwart, Illah R. Nourbakhsh, Davide Scaramuzza - MIT Press - Credited with the widely adopted instantaneous-center-of-rotation derivation for wheeled-robot kinematics, the standard way university robotics courses formalize why differing left/right wheel speeds produce a specific turning radius, the exact relationship this chapter's differential-drive section describes in prose.

  5. Robot Programming: A Practical Guide to Behavior-Based Robotics - Joseph L. Jones and Daniel Roth - McGraw-Hill/TAB Electronics - Jones, a co-inventor of the Roomba, is credited with translating Rodney Brooks' subsumption architecture into an accessible, hands-on "build up from simple behaviors" teaching method for hobbyist robots, the same sense-decide-act behavior-loop pattern this chapter's robot programming section follows.

  6. TB6612FNG Hookup Guide - SparkFun Learn - Walks through wiring and coding a real dual H-bridge motor driver chip, covering forward, reverse, brake, and speed control, giving concrete hardware behind this chapter's generic motor-driver and H-bridge explanations.

  7. Robot Quickstart! - SparkFun Learn - Builds a two-wheel robot from geared motors and an H-bridge driver through to Arduino code that drives, turns, and reverses it, mirroring this chapter's progression from motors to a differential-drive drive() function.

  8. Adafruit VL53L0X Time of Flight Micro-LIDAR Distance Sensor Breakout - Adafruit Learn - Explains how a pulsed-laser time-of-flight sensor measures distance and why it resists the range and accuracy limits of ultrasonic and simple infrared sensors, backing this chapter's stated preference for time-of-flight distance sensing.

  9. Arduino Library for the Pololu QTR Reflectance Sensors - Pololu Robotics and Electronics - Documents a real reflectance sensor array and its driver library for detecting light and dark surfaces, the same infrared-reflectance principle this chapter's line-following sensor code relies on.

  10. Zumo Robot: Line Follower Example - Pololu Robotics and Electronics - Walks through an example sketch that reads reflectance sensors and steers a robot to keep a line centered beneath it, closely paralleling this chapter's line-following behavior loop and its four sensor-state branches.