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List of Concepts

This is the numbered list of concepts used to build the learning graph. Each number is the ConceptID used in learning-graph.csv. Please review this list and add or remove concepts before the dependency graph is generated.

Concepts 485–537 belong to the optional advanced chapter on the mathematics of arm paths. No core concept (1–484) depends on them.

  1. Learning Python Prerequisites
  2. Python Interpreter
  3. REPL
  4. Python Script
  5. Terminal
  6. Virtual Environment
  7. Pip
  8. Requirements File
  9. Project Folder Layout
  10. Python Module
  11. Python Package
  12. Import Statement
  13. Standard Library
  14. Docstring
  15. Naming Conventions
  16. Reading a Traceback
  17. Print Debugging
  18. Git Version Control
  19. Code Editor
  20. JSON File Format
  21. Configuration File
  22. Command Line Arguments
  23. Argparse Module
  24. Environment Variables
  25. File Paths
  26. Robot Arm
  27. Link
  28. Joint
  29. Revolute Joint
  30. Prismatic Joint
  31. Degrees of Freedom
  32. End Effector
  33. Gripper
  34. Parallel Gripper
  35. Base Frame
  36. Workspace
  37. Reach
  38. Payload
  39. Repeatability
  40. Accuracy
  41. Serial Manipulator
  42. Six-Axis Arm
  43. Shoulder
  44. Elbow
  45. Wrist
  46. Joint Limits
  47. Joint Angle
  48. Pose
  49. Home Position
  50. Open-Source Hardware
  51. Desktop Robot Arm
  52. Leader Arm
  53. Follower Arm
  54. Teleoperation
  55. Bimanual Robot
  56. Robot Arm Applications
  57. Actuator
  58. DC Motor
  59. Hobby Servo
  60. PWM Signal
  61. Servo Motor
  62. Serial Bus Servo
  63. STS3215 Servo
  64. Brushless Motor
  65. Damiao Actuator
  66. RobStride Actuator
  67. Gear Ratio
  68. Gearbox
  69. Backlash
  70. Torque
  71. Stall Torque
  72. Motor Speed
  73. Encoder
  74. Magnetic Encoder
  75. Position Feedback
  76. Velocity Feedback
  77. Current Sensing
  78. Temperature Sensing
  79. Load Feedback
  80. Torque Limit
  81. Torque Enable
  82. Overload Protection
  83. PID Control
  84. Servo Compliance
  85. Quasi-Direct Drive
  86. Motor Controller
  87. Serial Communication
  88. UART
  89. TTL Half-Duplex Serial
  90. Baud Rate
  91. USB Serial Adapter
  92. Serial Port
  93. Pyserial Library
  94. Bytes and Bytearray
  95. Hexadecimal
  96. Packet Structure
  97. Checksum
  98. Instruction Packet
  99. Status Packet
  100. Device ID
  101. Daisy Chain Wiring
  102. Servo Bus Controller Board
  103. CAN Bus
  104. CAN Frame
  105. CAN Bit Rate
  106. CAN Termination
  107. CAN Adapter
  108. Python-CAN Library
  109. Vendor SDK
  110. Struct Module
  111. Bit Operations
  112. Little-Endian Byte Order
  113. Register Map
  114. Reading a Register
  115. Writing a Register
  116. Ping Command
  117. Bus Scan
  118. Communication Timeout
  119. Communication Errors
  120. Voltage
  121. Current
  122. Electrical Power
  123. Ohm's Law
  124. Power Supply
  125. Battery
  126. Voltage Rating
  127. Current Rating
  128. Power Budget
  129. Wire Gauge
  130. Power Connectors
  131. Fuse
  132. Voltage Drop
  133. Brown-Out
  134. Inrush Current
  135. Back-EMF
  136. Common Ground
  137. Reverse Polarity Protection
  138. Power Distribution Board
  139. Safe Power-Up Sequence
  140. Mains Power Safety
  141. 24 V to 48 V Systems
  142. Robot Safety
  143. Pinch Point
  144. Safe Work Envelope
  145. Emergency Stop
  146. Hardware E-Stop
  147. Software E-Stop
  148. Speed Limit
  149. Force Limit
  150. Runaway Motion
  151. Collision
  152. Torque Release
  153. Supervised Operation
  154. Safe Shutdown
  155. Risk Assessment
  156. Soldering Safety
  157. 3D Printer Safety
  158. Adult Supervision
  159. Safety Checklist
  160. Watchdog Timer
  161. Fail-Safe Behavior
  162. Bill of Materials
  163. Required Parts
  164. Optional Parts
  165. Substitute Parts
  166. Kit Build
  167. Self-Sourced Build
  168. Official Kit
  169. Distributor
  170. Online Marketplace
  171. Direct from Manufacturer
  172. Lead Time
  173. Shipping and Customs
  174. Total Build Cost
  175. Budgeting
  176. Cost Calculator
  177. Order Tracking
  178. Counterfeit Parts
  179. Incompatible Parts
  180. Part Revisions
  181. SO-ARM100
  182. SO-ARM101
  183. SO-ARM100 vs SO-ARM101
  184. reBot-DevArm
  185. reBot B601-DM
  186. reBot B601-RS
  187. Spare Parts
  188. Classroom Parts Order
  189. Datasheet
  190. Vendor Documentation
  191. Fact-Checking Specifications
  192. CSV Parts List
  193. Totaling Costs in Python
  194. 3D Printing
  195. FDM Printer
  196. Filament
  197. PLA
  198. PETG
  199. Print Settings
  200. Layer Height
  201. Infill
  202. Print Orientation
  203. Support Material
  204. STL File
  205. STEP File
  206. Slicer
  207. G-Code
  208. Print Quality Inspection
  209. Warping
  210. Dimensional Tolerance
  211. Heat-Set Insert
  212. Fasteners
  213. Screws
  214. Assembly Tools
  215. Servo Horn
  216. Crimping
  217. Cable Management
  218. Strain Relief
  219. Soldering
  220. Multimeter
  221. Open-Source Repository
  222. Assembly Guide
  223. Repository Version History
  224. Servo Preparation
  225. Setting Servo IDs
  226. Setting Baud Rate
  227. Servo Testing
  228. Leader Gear Ratios
  229. Follower Assembly
  230. Leader Assembly
  231. Leader Handle and Trigger
  232. Joint Assembly Order
  233. Cable Routing
  234. Mounting to a Table
  235. Calibration
  236. Calibration Procedure
  237. Homing Position
  238. Range of Motion Limits
  239. Calibration File
  240. Calibration Drift
  241. Troubleshooting
  242. Servo Not Found
  243. Servo Overheating
  244. Jitter
  245. Loose Gears
  246. Intermittent Wiring
  247. First Power-On
  248. B601 Body Structure
  249. CAN Motor Configuration
  250. Motor ID Assignment
  251. CAN Bring-Up Check
  252. reBot Gripper Assembly
  253. reBot Wrist Assembly
  254. High-Voltage Power Distribution
  255. Zeroing
  256. Zero Offset
  257. Motor Mode Selection
  258. Arm Comparison
  259. Cost Comparison
  260. Payload Comparison
  261. Learning Curve
  262. Platform Selection Criteria
  263. Hardware Abstraction Layer
  264. Arm Class
  265. Joint Class
  266. Class Interface
  267. Inheritance for Drivers
  268. Fake Arm
  269. Mock Hardware
  270. Dataclass
  271. Type Hints
  272. Pose Dataclass
  273. Command Dataclass
  274. Connect and Disconnect
  275. Context Manager
  276. With Statement
  277. Try Finally
  278. Exception Handling for Hardware
  279. Custom Exceptions
  280. Reading Joint Positions
  281. Writing Target Positions
  282. Raw Servo Units
  283. Degrees and Radians
  284. Unit Conversion
  285. Joint-Space Motion
  286. Single-Joint Move
  287. Multi-Joint Move
  288. Waypoint
  289. Waypoint List
  290. Interpolation
  291. Linear Interpolation
  292. Trajectory
  293. Trapezoidal Velocity Profile
  294. Smooth Velocity Profile
  295. Acceleration Limit
  296. Control Loop
  297. Control Rate
  298. Time Module
  299. Timing Jitter
  300. Blocking vs Non-Blocking Code
  301. Threads
  302. Stop Flag
  303. Gripper Control
  304. Gripper Width
  305. Grasp Force
  306. Pick and Place
  307. Pre-Grasp Approach
  308. Lift and Retreat
  309. State Machine
  310. Teleoperation Loop
  311. Leader-Follower Mapping
  312. Latency
  313. Recording Episodes
  314. Replaying Motion
  315. Logging Module
  316. Log Levels
  317. CSV Logging
  318. Matplotlib Plot
  319. Plotting Trajectories
  320. Plotting Workspace
  321. Pytest
  322. Test Fixtures
  323. Unit Test
  324. Testing Safety Limits
  325. Test Coverage
  326. Regression Testing
  327. Coordinate Frame
  328. Cartesian Coordinates
  329. Rotation
  330. Sine and Cosine
  331. Vector
  332. NumPy Array
  333. Rotation Matrix
  334. Homogeneous Transform
  335. Transform Chain
  336. Denavit-Hartenberg Parameters
  337. Forward Kinematics
  338. Two-Link Arm
  339. Link Lengths
  340. Inverse Kinematics
  341. Geometric Inverse Kinematics
  342. Numerical Inverse Kinematics
  343. Multiple IK Solutions
  344. Elbow Up and Elbow Down
  345. Unreachable Target
  346. Singular Pose
  347. Jacobian
  348. Cartesian Motion
  349. Straight-Line Motion
  350. Orientation Control
  351. Workspace Sampling
  352. Reachability Map
  353. Collision Checking
  354. Simulation
  355. URDF Model
  356. Physics Simulator
  357. Pinocchio Library
  358. Isaac Sim Tour
  359. ROS 2 Tour
  360. ROS Node
  361. ROS Topic
  362. MoveIt Planning
  363. Sim-to-Real Gap
  364. Camera
  365. USB Webcam
  366. Image Frame
  367. OpenCV Library
  368. Color Space
  369. Color Thresholding
  370. Contour Detection
  371. Object Centroid
  372. Camera Calibration
  373. Camera Intrinsics
  374. Camera Extrinsics
  375. Hand-Eye Calibration
  376. Pixel-to-World Mapping
  377. Fiducial Markers
  378. Object Detection
  379. Imitation Learning
  380. Demonstration Data
  381. Dataset
  382. LeRobot Library
  383. Observation and Action
  384. Policy
  385. ACT Policy
  386. Training a Policy
  387. Training Loss
  388. Evaluating a Policy
  389. Policy Failure Modes
  390. Overfitting
  391. GPU Training
  392. Hugging Face Hub
  393. AI Agent
  394. Agent Loop
  395. Perceive Plan Act Observe
  396. Large Language Model
  397. Tool Calling
  398. Agent Tool
  399. Tool Schema
  400. Agent Skill
  401. OpenClaw
  402. OpenClaw Installation
  403. OpenClaw Messaging Interface
  404. OpenClaw Skill Files
  405. Robot Arm Skill
  406. Bounded Commands
  407. Typed Parameters
  408. Parameter Validation
  409. Descriptive Error Messages
  410. Natural-Language Control
  411. Command Parsing
  412. Move to Pose Tool
  413. Open Gripper Tool
  414. Go Home Tool
  415. Stop Tool
  416. Local Agent
  417. Cloud Agent
  418. Edge AI Computer
  419. Latency and Cost
  420. Privacy Considerations
  421. Agent Planner
  422. Learned Policy Executor
  423. Planner-Executor Split
  424. Model Context Protocol
  425. MCP Server
  426. ROS 2 Bridge
  427. Tool Server
  428. HTTP API
  429. JSON Requests
  430. Requests Library
  431. API Key Handling
  432. Vision-Language Model
  433. Scene Description
  434. Object Localization
  435. Image-to-Arm Coordinates
  436. Task Planning
  437. Task Decomposition
  438. Replanning
  439. Failed Grasp Recovery
  440. Asking a Human
  441. Agent Architecture
  442. Safety Layer
  443. Workspace Limits
  444. Command Validation
  445. Dry-Run Mode
  446. Simulation Mode
  447. Confirmation Step
  448. Audit Log
  449. Ambiguous Instructions
  450. Hallucinated Tool Calls
  451. Prompt Injection
  452. Untrusted Input
  453. Least Privilege
  454. Defense in Depth
  455. Agent Is Not the Safety Layer
  456. Rate Limiting
  457. Agent Testing
  458. Success Rate
  459. Repeatability Test
  460. Agent Evaluation Suite
  461. Replay Testing
  462. Desk Assistant Project
  463. Color Sorting Project
  464. Chat-Controlled Arm
  465. Data Collection Station
  466. Capstone Project
  467. Project Documentation
  468. Startup Procedure
  469. Shutdown Procedure
  470. Monitoring
  471. Maintenance Schedule
  472. Servo Replacement
  473. Wear and Lubrication
  474. Script vs Policy vs Agent
  475. Classroom Use
  476. Makerspace Use
  477. Lab Schedule
  478. Assessment Rubric
  479. Group Parts Ordering
  480. Bimanual Setup
  481. Mobile Manipulation
  482. Larger Arms
  483. Open-Source Contribution
  484. Responsible Robotics
  485. Matrix Multiplication
  486. Linear Algebra with NumPy
  487. Derivative as Rate of Change
  488. Numerical Differentiation
  489. Path vs Trajectory
  490. Axis-Angle Rotation
  491. Euler Angles
  492. Gimbal Lock
  493. Quaternion
  494. Quaternion Rotation
  495. SLERP
  496. Velocity Kinematics
  497. Numerical Jacobian
  498. Jacobian Pseudoinverse
  499. Damped Least Squares
  500. Jacobian-Based IK
  501. Manipulability
  502. Manipulability Ellipse
  503. Condition Number
  504. Singularity Avoidance
  505. Boundary Conditions
  506. Cubic Polynomial Trajectory
  507. Quintic Polynomial Trajectory
  508. Jerk
  509. Minimum-Jerk Trajectory
  510. Cubic Spline
  511. SciPy Interpolation
  512. Via-Point Trajectory
  513. Time Scaling
  514. Velocity Limit Scaling
  515. Cartesian Straight-Line Path
  516. Path Parameterization
  517. Static Torque Estimate
  518. Gravity Load on Joints
  519. Moment Arm
  520. Servo Torque Margin
  521. Configuration Space
  522. Obstacle Representation
  523. Sampling-Based Planning
  524. RRT Algorithm
  525. Path Smoothing
  526. Shortcut Smoothing
  527. Joint-Limit Constrained Planning
  528. Path Safety Check
  529. Path Prediction
  530. Forward Simulation of Paths
  531. Predicted vs Measured Path
  532. Tracking Error
  533. RMSE
  534. Maximum Deviation
  535. Prediction Error Sources
  536. SciPy Optimize
  537. Matplotlib Animation