Skip to content

References: The Age of AI and Technology Power (2010–Present)

  1. Artificial intelligence - Wikipedia - Comprehensive overview of AI's history from Turing's foundational papers through the deep learning revolution, covering key milestones, major applications, and the ongoing debates about AI's societal impact.

  2. Semiconductor industry - Wikipedia - Explains the global semiconductor supply chain — from silicon wafer production through chip design, fabrication (TSMC, Samsung), and packaging — and how concentration in a few chokepoints creates geopolitical risk.

  3. Cyberwarfare by country - Wikipedia - Surveys known state-sponsored cyberattacks and cyber capabilities by nation, including Stuxnet (U.S./Israel), SolarWinds (Russia), and China's Volt Typhoon operations targeting U.S. infrastructure.

  4. Chris Miller, Chip War: The Fight for the World's Most Critical Technology (2022) - Scribner - The definitive history of the global semiconductor industry's geopolitical dimensions, explaining why advanced chip manufacturing became the central battleground of U.S.-China competition.

  5. Kai-Fu Lee, AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order (2018) - Houghton Mifflin Harcourt - Argues that the U.S.-China AI competition will reshape global power and labor markets; provides essential context for evaluating the chip war's stakes and China's strategy.

  6. Georgetown CSET: AI Policy Research - Georgetown Center for Security and Emerging Technology - Nonpartisan policy research on AI and national security, semiconductor supply chains, export controls, and talent competition between the U.S. and China.

  7. MIT Technology Review: AI and Geopolitics - MIT Technology Review - Authoritative technology journalism covering AI development, the chip wars, autonomous weapons, and disinformation; provides current analysis for contemporary events this chapter addresses.

  8. RAND Corporation: Autonomous Weapons - RAND Corporation - Policy research on autonomous weapons systems, lethal autonomous systems (LAWS), and the "human in the loop" debate; provides analytical frameworks for evaluating the ethical questions this chapter raises.

  9. Bellingcat: Open Source Intelligence - Bellingcat - Investigative journalism organization pioneering open-source intelligence (OSINT) techniques; its Ukraine conflict coverage demonstrates how satellite imagery and social media analysis are used to verify battlefield events.

  10. Center for AI Safety - Center for AI Safety - Nonprofit research organization focused on identifying and mitigating AI risks; its resources on AI safety definitions model the "competing definitions" critical thinking question that closes this chapter.