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References: 6. Basic Drawing Primitives

  1. Bresenham's line algorithm - Wikipedia - Explains the classic integer-only algorithm for plotting straight lines on a pixel grid, the technique this chapter's line method uses internally to connect any two points without floating-point math.

  2. Sprite (computer graphics) - Wikipedia - Covers the history and technical definition of sprites as small pre-drawn bitmap images composited onto a larger scene, directly matching this chapter's coverage of sprites, bitmaps, and the blit method.

  3. Bitmap - Wikipedia - Describes how raster images are stored as grids of pixel data in memory, the same underlying byte-array structure this chapter uses to explain bitmaps, unsigned byte arrays, and frame buffers.

  4. Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice (3rd Edition) - John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, Kurt Akeley - Addison-Wesley Professional - The field's standard reference; its chapters on rasterization, line and polygon drawing, and compositing supply the theory behind FrameBuf's pixel, line, rectangle, and blit methods.

  5. Procedural Elements for Computer Graphics (2nd Edition) - David F. Rogers - McGraw-Hill - A classic, algorithm-focused text on line drawing, area filling, and clipping at the boundary of a raster device — precisely the operations this chapter's hline, vline, rect, and clipping sections implement.

  6. framebuf — Frame buffer manipulation - MicroPython Official Documentation - The authoritative API reference for every method this chapter covers: fill, pixel, hline, vline, line, rect, blit, scroll, and text, including exact argument order and the FrameBuffer format constants.

  7. Using a SSD1306 OLED display - MicroPython Official Documentation - An official walkthrough of wiring and driving an SSD1306 OLED with MicroPython, demonstrating fill, pixel, line, rect, text, scroll, and blit calls on real hardware, just like this chapter's examples.

  8. Bresenham's Line Generation Algorithm - GeeksforGeeks - A step-by-step tutorial deriving the integer decision-parameter math behind line drawing, with worked examples and code in multiple languages, expanding on the algorithm this chapter's line method uses internally.

  9. Filled Area Primitives in Computer Graphics - GeeksforGeeks - Compares flood fill, boundary fill, and scan-line fill algorithms for coloring solid regions, giving background on how methods like fill_rect or the fill method could be implemented under the hood.

  10. MicroPython: SSD1306 OLED Display Scroll Functions and Draw Shapes - Random Nerd Tutorials - A hands-on MicroPython project guide demonstrating scrolling text and shape-drawing routines on an SSD1306 OLED with ESP32/ESP8266 boards, reinforcing this chapter's scroll method and shape-drawing primitives with runnable code.