Skip to content

References: 11. Expression Design, Readability & Human-Robot Interaction

  1. Human–robot interaction - Wikipedia - Overview of the interdisciplinary field studying how people and robots communicate, trust, and collaborate, covering research areas like social robotics, safety, and expressive behavior — the umbrella field this chapter's expression-design work sits inside.

  2. Uncanny valley - Wikipedia - Explains Masahiro Mori's hypothesis that near-human robots trigger discomfort rather than affinity, with the comfort-versus-human-likeness curve central to the chapter's argument that simple, abstract robot faces avoid this trap entirely.

  3. Affective computing - Wikipedia - Surveys the field of systems that recognize, interpret, and simulate human emotion, tracing its origins to Rosalind Picard's foundational 1990s research — the broader research area the chapter identifies as this course's academic home.

  4. Human-Robot Interaction: An Introduction (1st Edition) - Christoph Bartneck, Tony Belpaeme, Friederike Eyssel, Takayuki Kanda, Merel Keijsers, and Selma Šabanović - Cambridge University Press - A foundational HRI textbook with dedicated chapters on anthropomorphism, the uncanny valley, emotion expression, and evaluation methods, directly paralleling this chapter's HRI-grounded treatment of expression design and readability.

  5. Affective Computing - Rosalind W. Picard - MIT Press - The book that established affective computing as a research field, arguing that emotion recognition and expression are essential to natural human-machine interaction — the primary source behind the chapter's Affective Computing section.

  6. The Uncanny Valley: The Original Essay by Masahiro Mori - IEEE Spectrum - The first authorized English translation of Mori's 1970 essay introducing the uncanny valley, including his own diagrams and reasoning about movement, likeness, and design choices — primary-source depth behind the chapter's Uncanny Valley section.

  7. Are There Universal Facial Expressions? - Paul Ekman Group - Explains Ekman's cross-cultural research, including his New Guinea studies and the concept of culturally learned "display rules," directly supporting the chapter's discussion of why some expressions travel across cultures better than others.

  8. Affective Computing Group Overview - MIT Media Lab - The research group that coined "affective computing" describes its current projects on emotion recognition, wellbeing technology, and human-machine emotional communication, showing the field's real-world scope beyond a single robot face.

  9. Human-Robot Interaction Research Portal - HRI Community - Community hub for the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, listing conference proceedings, the Journal of HRI, and award-winning papers — a window into the professional research field this chapter situates expression design within.

  10. Emotional Design Resources - Nielsen Norman Group - Curated articles on Don Norman's three levels of emotional processing (visceral, behavioral, reflective) and how design choices shape emotional response, offering design-rubric thinking that parallels this chapter's Emotional Design Rubric.